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Converting from Django to Laravel involves several critical steps and considerations. While both Django and Laravel are powerful frameworks for web development, they differ significantly in terms of their structure, syntax, and underlying philosophy. This guide aims to provide a comprehensive roadmap for proficient Django users transitioning to Laravel.
Django is a high-level Python web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. It follows the Model-View-Template (MVT) architectural pattern and is widely known for its 'batteries-included' philosophy, offering a plethora of built-in functionalities.
Laravel is a widely-used PHP framework that follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern. It is renowned for its elegant syntax, powerful feature set, and extensive documentation. Laravel emphasizes simplicity and elegance while providing tools for tasks such as routing, authentication, and queue management.
Before you start converting your Django project to Laravel, you need to set up a Laravel development environment. You’ll need to have Composer (a PHP dependency manager) installed on your system.
composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel my-laravel-app
cd my-laravel-app
This will create a new Laravel project named my-laravel-app
.
Here is a basic comparison of the directory structures:
Django:
my_project/
manage.py
my_project/
__init__.py
settings.py
urls.py
wsgi.py
app1/
migrations/
__init__.py
admin.py
apps.py
models.py
tests.py
views.py
Laravel:
my_laravel_app/
app/
Console/
Exceptions/
Http/
Controllers/
Middleware/
Models/
bootstrap/
config/
database/
public/
resources/
routes/
storage/
tests/
vendor/
In Django, models are defined in the models.py
file, while in Laravel, they are PHP classes typically stored in the app/Models
directory.
Django Model Example:
from django.db import models
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
author = models.CharField(max_length=100)
Laravel Model Example:
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Book extends Model
{
use HasFactory;
protected $fillable = ['title', 'author'];
}
In Laravel, make sure to specify the $fillable
property to allow mass assignment of attributes.
Django generates migrations based on model changes using the makemigrations
command. In Laravel, migrations are PHP files located in the database/migrations
directory.
Django Migration Command:
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
Laravel Migration Command:
php artisan make:migration create_books_table
php artisan migrate
Example Laravel Migration File:
public function up()
{
Schema::create('books', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->string('title');
$table->string('author');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
Django defines routes in the urls.py
file.
Example Django URLs:
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index, name='index'),
path('books/', views.books_list, name='books_list'),
]
In Laravel, routes are defined in routes/web.php
.
Example Laravel Routes:
use App\Http\Controllers\BookController;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
Route::get('/', [BookController::class, 'index']);
Route::get('/books', [BookController::class, 'booksList']);
In Django, views are Python functions or classes located in the views.py
file, and templates are typically .html
files located in a templates
directory.
Django View Example:
from django.shortcuts import render
def index(request):
return render(request, 'index.html')
In Laravel, views are PHP scripts located in the resources/views
directory.
Laravel View Example:
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class BookController extends Controller
{
public function index()
{
return view('index');
}
}
Both Django and Laravel use middleware to filter HTTP requests. In Django, middleware is defined in the settings.py
file, whereas in Laravel, it is defined in app/Http/Middleware
.
Django Middleware Example:
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
Laravel Middleware Example:
protected $middleware = [
\App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class,
\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode::class,
// Add other middleware here
];
Converting from Django to Laravel may seem daunting at first, but understanding the structural and syntactic differences between the two frameworks can facilitate a smoother transition. This guide covers the fundamental components such as environment setup, models, migrations, routing, views, and middleware, offering a foundation for converting your Django project to Laravel.
Remember, while these instructions provide a roadmap, the complexity of the conversion will depend on the specifics of your project. Patience and attention to detail will be your greatest assets as you embark on this transition. Happy coding!
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